Travelling in Different Skins - Bird, Dunlaith (, Maitre de langue, Ecole normale superieure de Paris)

DĂşnlaith Bird argues that vagabondage - a physical and textual elaboration of gender identity in motion - emerges as a totemic concept in European women's travel writing from 1850. For Olympe Audouard, Isabella Bird, Isabelle Eberhardt, and Freya Stark vagabondage is a means of extending the parameters by which 'women' are defined.